PIGS KILL ISIS MUSLIMS..HAHA

Wild boars overrun Islamic State position, kill 3 MUSLIMS

Video by Veuer
Three Islamic State militants setting up an ambush in a bitterly contested area of northern Iraq were killed by a herd of stampeding boars, local leaders say.

Sheikh Anwar al-Assi, a chief of the local Ubaid tribe and supervisor of anti-ISIS forces, told The Times of London the militants were hiding on the edge of a field about 50 miles southwest of Kirkuk when the boars overwhelmed them Sunday. Five other militants were injured, al-Assi said. He said the group was poised to attack a band of local tribesmen who had fled to nearby mountains since militants seized the town of Hawija three years ago.
“It is likely their movement disturbed a herd of wild pigs, which inhabit the area as well as the nearby cornfields,” he said.
Al-Assi said the militants had summarily executed 25 people attempting to flee the militant's would-be caliphate in the three days before the boars attacked. Hawija, about 100 miles south of Mosul, sees dozens of residents flee to Kurdish Kirkuk daily, and the Iraqi military has planned to launch an offensive in the region after a laborious effort to liberate Mosul is completed.
© Horst Ossinger, AP A pack of Wild boars at the wildlife park Grafenbergerwald in Duesseldorf, Germany “We know that a massacre took place in Hawija district through our sources," al-Assi told the Times. "This will not be ISIS’s last massacre against citizens."
Hawija is strategically located east of the road from Mosul to Baghdad, on the edge of the oil-rich region of Kirkuk. U.S.-backed troops launched the effort to drive the militants out of Mosul in October. Eastern Mosul was liberated in January, and the Iraqi military claimed Tuesday it had taken control of the al-Tanek neighborhood, the largest on the western side of the city.
Kirkuk Gov. Najmaldin Karim renewed calls to the Iraqi army and government to free Hawija.
“The suffering of the people of Hawija and its surrounding areas

BOYCOTT UNITED AIRLINES

A video posted on Facebook late Sunday evening shows a passenger on a United Airlines flight from Chicago to Louisville being forcibly removed from the plane before takeoff at O’Hare International Airport.

The video, posted by Audra D. Bridges at 7:30 p.m. Sunday, is taken from an aisle seat on a commercial airplane that appears to be preparing to take flight. The 31-second clip shows three men wearing radio equipment and security jackets speaking with a man seated on the plane. After a few seconds, one of the men grabs the passenger, who screams, and drags him by his arms toward the front of the plane. The video ends before anything else is shown.

A United spokesperson confirmed in an email Sunday night that a passenger had been taken off a flight in Chicago.

"Flight 3411 from Chicago to Louisville was overbooked," the spokesperson said. "After our team looked for volunteers, one customer refused to leave the aircraft voluntarily and law enforcement was asked to come to the gate.

"We apologize for the overbook situation. Further details on the removed customer should be directed to authorities."

THIS IS BULLSHIT, IF THEY NEEDED A FLIGHT CREW SOMEWHERE THEY SHOULD HAVE PUT THEM ON ANOTHER PLANE, AFTER ALL THEY ARE A FUCKING AIRLINE.

FIREARMS TERMINOLOGY

Custom Search

COMPLETION/ENTRY OF LI

CENSES TO PURCHASE/

PISTOL SALES RECORDS

N.C.I.C. CODES

NCIC codes are required for manufacturers for en

try into the Automated Pistol Registration

System (APRS).

SIGNAT

URES

Verify that all documents have the required sig

natures: chief of police, sheriff (or authorized

deputies) the owner of the pistol on both the Lice

nse to Purchase and Pistol Sales Record and

the notary’s signature on the License to Purchase

.

VERIFICATION OF GUN DESCRIPTION

Verify that at a minimum the serial number, m

anufacturer, caliber and type are complete on the

License to Purchase or Pistol Sales Record.

PRODUCTION NUMBER

LISTED AS SERIAL NUMBERS FOR SW

If the serial number does not appear to be correct, please attempt to contact the owner for

verification.

1. Production numbers on Smith & Wesson are generally 4 or 5 digits and are found on the

crane (hinge) of a revolver.

2. The manufacturer's serial number is located on the BUTT of the weapon. (Remove grips

that may cover the serial number.)

3. If the correct serial number is 4 or 5 digits, indicate "butt #" on the License to Purchase or

Pistol Sales Record so the Fi

rearms Records Unit will not a

ttempt to verify further.

4. If the weapon is of antique vintage, the serial

number may be in a different location (usually

on inside of butt strap directly behind trigger guard).

OTHER INFORMATION TO LOOK FOR IN COMPLETION OF DOCUMENTS

1.

Verify that street/city addresses include numbe

rs, street name, and city. Be sure that “Date

of Birth” is completed correctly and does not reflect the current year.

2.

If a License to Purchase or Pistol Sales Records is issued

for a frame only, indicate the caliber

that will be chambered and indicate "frame only" in Miscellaneous field.

3.

If caliber is unknown, indicate "0000" in the Caliber field.

4

.

.38-caliber S&W CTGE on barrel means pistol

takes a 38 Smith & Wesson cartridge. This

may not be the manufa

cturer of the pistol.

35

FIREARMS TERMINOLOGY

ACCESSORY BARRELS

1. Additional barrels that may be installed on

a frame or receiver for the purpose of

altering the caliber, gauge or barrel length of a firearm. An accessory

barrel may have

an attach

ed fore-end or other attachments.

2. Any barrel that changes the caliber of a firearm, that is truly a barrel only and does

not have a breech mechanism of

a kind or type normally associated with the parent

firearm, is deemed to be an Accessory Barrel,

whether or not it is attached to a barrel

extension or “upper receiver.”

AIR, SPRING OR GAS FIREARM

A firearm design that uses compressed air, compressed gas or a spring to propel a projectile.

AMMUNITION

One or more loaded cartridges consisting of a primed cartridge case and propellant. May or may

not contain one or more projectiles (Example

s: Ball Ammunition, Blank Ammunition and Duplex

Ammunition).

AMMUNITION, METALLIC

A generic term for rim-fire and center-fire a

mmunition having a metallic cartridge case.

AMMUNITION, CASELESS

Ammunition that has the propellant charge molded to the base of the bullet or molded around the

bullet, not enclosed in any kind of a cartridge case.

AUXILIARY CHAMBER ADAPTERS

A device that may be inserted into a firearm to adapt the original chamber to fire a different

cartridge. This adapter may have a section of barrel attached.

BALLISTICS

The study of a projectile in motion.

BALLISTICS, EXTERIOR

The study of the motion of a projectile after it leaves the barrel of the firearm.

BALLISTICS, INTERIOR

The study of the motion of projectile(s) within t

he bore of a firearm from the moment of ignition

until exit from the barrel.

BALLISTICS, TERMINAL

The study of the projectile’s impact effect on the target.

BARREL, RINGED

A barrel that has been fired while containing a bore

obstruction, without catastrophic failure. The

resultant excessive radial pressure causes circumferential bulge in the barrel.

BARREL TIME

The elapsed time from the ignition of a cartridge and the bullet’s leaving the cartridge case neck

to the time the bullet exits the barrel.

BARRELLED ACTION

A shotgun or rifle without the stock.

3

6

BARREL

That portion of a firearm through which a project

ile or shot charge travels under the impetus of

powder gasses, compressed air or other like means.

A barrel may be either smooth or rifled.

BLOWBACK

This system in its simplest form relies on the

mass of the breech block and the strength of the

return spring to accomplish the locking cycle in keeping with the law of physics dealing with

inertia. The recoiling mass being much greater than the mass of the projectile, there is a time

delay in the opening of the breech until the

residual gas pressures have dropped to a sate

operating level.

BOLT ACTION

A magazine-repeating firearm design in which the breech bolt or closure device operates in line

with the bore. This type of action is manually operated by a permanently fixed projection or

handle attached to the bolt or closure device, usually known as the bolt handle.

BOLT/BREECH BOLT

The locking and cartridge head support mechanism of a firearm that operates in line with the axis

of the bore (Examples: Colt AR 15 rifle, Winchester Model 70).

BOLT RELEASE

A device that allows the bolt to be removed from the firearm.

BOLT STOP

A device that retains the bolt in

the firearm during normal operation.

BREECH BLOCK

The locking and cartridge head support mechanism of a firearm that does not operate in line with

the axis of the bore (Example: FN FAL rifle, Bren gun).

BREECH LOADER

Any firearm loaded with a cartridge or propellant from the rear of the bore.

BREECH LOADING, SINGLE BARREL-SINGLE SHOT OR MULTIPLE BARREL-MULTIPLE

SHOT FIREARMS

Firearms in which the action of loading is acco

mplished one cartridge at a time in each barrel,

usually by hand. The breech is then manually clos

ed, a shot or shots are fired, the breech is

opened manually, and the loading action is repeated by hand for each barrel to be discharged.

BREECH PLUG

In percussion and flint-lock firearms, the metal par

t that is threaded into the breech end of the

barrel and usually incorp

orates the top tang.

BREECH, STANDING

That portion of the receiver or frame of a revolver

or break-open single-shot or multi-barrel firearm

that supports the head of the cartridge when it is fired.

BULLET, DUMDUM

An obsolete term referring to a bullet with an exposed lead tip for the purpose of expansion upon

entering a medium with greater density than air.

Manufactured at the British Arsenal located at

Dumdum, India.

BULLET, INCENDIARY

A bullet containing a chemical compound that ignites on impact to start fires.

3

7

REPEATING FIREARM

A firearm with a mechanism for feeding ammunition into the chamber known as magazine

or belt that accomplishes the entire cycle of

operation, either manually or externally

powered, or by utilizing some of

the power genera

ted by the propellant

gas or recoil force.

Some of these mechanisms, externally pow

ered systems or hand operated systems of

operation, include:

1. Pump action mechanisms

2. Lever action mechanisms

3. Bolt action mechanisms

4. Auto-loading or semiautomatic mechanisms; recoil-operated (both long and short

recoil) and gas-operated mechanisms

5. Automatic mechanisms; recoil operated (both long and short recoil) and gas operated

6. Manually powered, hand-operated, ro

tary-barrel mechanisms (Gatling gun)

7. Externally powered mechanisms (V

ulcan Gatling or Hughes Chain gun)

REPRODUCTION

The modern manufacture of any firearm that ha

s ceased to have patent protection and is usually

no longer manufactured by the original maker. No

rmally the reproduction is equal to or better in

quality of material and workmanship than the original and in some cases may be an exact

duplicate with interchangeable parts and components.

REVOLVER

A firearm, usually a handgun, with a cylinder having several chambers so arranged as to rotate around

an ax

is and be discharged successively by the same

firing mechanism

RIFLING

A system of helical grooves cut into the bore of a firearm barrel. The purpose of rifling is to impart

spin to a projectile passing thro

ugh the barrel, thus giving the pr

ojectile gyroscopic stability during

its flight to the target.

RECEIVER

The receiver, which is also known as the frame,

is the basic component of a firearm to which all

other components are assembled or attached. In mo

st firearm designs the barrel is assembled to

the receiver and the receiver houses the breech mechanism, trigger and firing mechanisms.

RIFLE

A firearm designed or redesigned, made or

remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and

designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in

a fixed metallic

cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger.

SAFETY CATCH

Any type of applied safety catch. A mechanical

device that enables the sh

ooter to lock the firing

mechanism of a firearm voluntarily. Also called a manual safety or manually operated safety

catch. (NOTE: On most firearms with a fully-automatic fire capability, the fire selector usually

incorporates the safety catch.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

A series of actions, verifications and precautions that must be undertaken before, during and after handling

a firearm o

r during firing of firearms to prevent accidents and personal injury.

SAFETY, MECHANICAL

An automatic device that prevents firing a firearm as long as certain conditions are not met. A

feature incorporated into the firearm's design

to ensure that the weapon cannot fire, howeve

r

mishandled, before the breech is properly locked; and that the breech will not unlock until such

time as the projectile has left the barrel and

pressures generated to expel the projectile have

ropped to a safe operating level.

d

4

4

SEAR

Part of the firing mechanism, linked to the trigger, that retains the hammer or striker in the cocked

position until the trigger is pulled.

SELECTOR

1. In double-barreled firearms, a device to a

llow the shooter to choose which barrel is

to be fired by the first pull of the trigger.

2. A lever that enables the shooter to choos

e the type of fire (full-automatic/semi-

automatic) or apply the safety catch; in t

he case of some automatic weapons, the

selector enables the shooter to choose high or low cyclic rate of fire.

SEMIAUTOMATIC

A repeating firearm requiring a separate press of

the trigger for each shot

fired, using the energy

of discharge to perform a portion of the operating cycle. Semiautomatic actions are sometimes

referred to as auto-loading or self-loading actions.

SERIAL NUMBER

A combination of numbers and letters applied to a

firearm in order to uniquely identify it from all

others of its type. There is a requi

rement for the serial number to contain a minimum of one digit in

the combination of letters and numbers that comprise the serial number.

SHOT COLLAR

Plastic or paper insert surrounding the shot charge in

a shot shell to reduce distortion of the shot

when passing through the barrel.

SHOTGUN

A firearm designed or redesigned, made or remade and intended to fire from the shoulder and

designed or redesigned and made or remade to use

the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun

shell to fire through a smooth bore either a number of

ball shot or a single projectile for each single

function of the trigger.

SHOT

Pellets of various sizes used in shot shells and shot cartridges.

SIGHT, BUCKHORN

A rear sight for rifles that has the “V” notch at

the bottom of an almost completely closed V.

SIGHT, PAINE

A rear sight on pistols or revolvers having a flat top with a V-shaped notch used with a bead

pped front sight. Named after Ira Paine, a 19

th

-century exhibition and competition shooter.

to

SIGHT, PATRIDGE

A rear sight on pistols or revolvers having a flat top with a square notch used with a broad

flat-topped front sight. Named after E.E. Patridge.

SIGHT, PYRAMID

A type of front sight of triangular appe

arance. Also called a Barley-Corn sight.

SIGHT RADIUS

The distance between the rear sight and the front sight on a firearm.

SIGHT RAMP

A front sight mounted on a ramp base.

SIGHT TANG

Any sight mounted on the upper tang of a firearm.

4

5

SIGHT TANGENT

A rear sight in which the blade is adjusted for el

evation correc

tion

by sliding along a curved cam o

r

cams. The term is also us

ed for vertically standing back sights with sliding rear apertures.

SIGHTS

1. ADJUSTABLE - Usually taken to mean a rear sight that is adjustable for windage

or elevation or both. O

ccasionally adjus

table front sights may be found on pistols or

revolvers.

2. APERTURE - A form of metallic sight, fr

ont or rear, containing an aperture or disc

with a hole. Also called a Peep Sight.

3. BEAD - A form of front sight, usua

lly found on shotguns,

having the appearance

of a round bead.

4. EXPRESS- A series of rear sights, mounted on one base, with folding sight

leaves to be used for varying ranges or elevations.

5. FIXED - Metallic sights that are not adjustable.

6. GLOBE - A form of front sight usually used

on target rifles, generally cylindrical in shape

and often arranged to accept various insert

s containing either rings or posts.

7. HOODED - A front sight that is provided with a cover to shade it from direct light.

8. TELESCOPIC - A sight containing optical elements that magnify the target.

9. VERNIER - A long-range sight with a

mechanism for adjusting windage, elevation

or both, as read on a scale in conjunct

ion with graduations on a longer, linear

calibrated scale.

SILENCER

A device capable of attachment to the barrel of

a firearm designed or intended to reduce the

noise of discharge of ammunition

SINGLE-SHOT

A single-barrel firearm design that must be manually loaded, having no internal or external

magazine feed device. Certain single-shot firearms

are operated by levers and certain single-shot

firearms are operated by a bolt. Regardless of

the method of operating the breech mechanism,

these firearms are single-shot firearm actions.

SINGLE ACTION

An action that requires the manual cocking of the

hammer before pressure on the trigger releases

the firing mechanism.

SMALL ARMS

Hand-operated, hand- or shoulder-controlled firearms, including machine

guns, up to and including

.50 caliber. It is generally ac

cepted that firearms in excess of .50 caliber up to and including 30mm

caliber are called cannon, while firearms in excess of 30mm are artillery.

SPRING

A mechanical device used to store energy.

STOCK

A component, usually wood, to which a barreled ac

tion is attached, enabling the shooter to hold

the firearm and control it from the shoulder.

SUBMACHINE GUN

A firearm design that, as originally designed an

d manufactured, has the capacity of firing

projectiles in rapid succession during one press of

the trigger, whether or not it has been altered

to fire only one projectile with one such press. In general terms a submachine gun is a compact,

hort-barreled, air-cooled, magazine-fed firearm,

usually chambered for a pistol cartridge.

s

SYMPATHETIC DISCHARGE

The simultaneous firing of two or more cartridges

chambered in the cylinder of a revolver, only one

of which is in exact alignment with the barrel;

normally associated with percussion revolvers.

4

6

TAKE-DOWN FIREARMS

A rifle or shotgun in which the barrel and sometimes the magazine and fore-end are designed to

be removed from the receiver readily, without the use of tools, for the purpose of making a more

compact item for ease of transportation. When

additional barrels are available for a take-down

firearm, these barrels are considered accessory

barrels. See definition of accessory barrels.

TOP-BREAK

A term used to describe a single-shot, multi-barrel

or revolver mechanism on which the barrel o

r

barrels are allowed to tip down at the muzzle

exposing the chamber or chambers for loading,

unloading or extraction of cartridges.

TOP-LEVER

The lever located on the top of the breech end of

hinged-frame firearms that when pushed to one

side will unlock the barrel

(s) from the receiver or

frame and allow them to move (left, right, forward,

rearward, tip-down or tip-up).

TRIGGER

That part of a firearm mechanism that is moved

manually to cause the firearm to discharge.

TRIGGER , RELEASE

An unconventional mechanism in which the firearm is

fired by the release, rather than by the pull

of the trigger.

TRIGGER, SET

Either a single or double trigger arrangement

on which the required trigger pull force can be made

very light by means of a "setting" mechanism.

UNLOCKING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in which the bolt, breech block or standing breech is

removed from fixed relationship with the chamber, so

as to permit the extraction and ejection cycle

to take place after pressures have dropped to a safe operating level.

VIERLING

A four-barreled shoulder arm that usually

has two smooth-bored and two rifled barrels.

WATER TABLE

The flat portion of the receiver or frame on fir

earms that break open, ex

tending forward from, and

is approximately at right angles to, the standing-b

reech face. This is the surface on which the

barrel flats rest when the action is closed.

47

BULLET, EXPLOSIVE

A bullet containing a primer or other explosive designed to explode on impact.

CALIBER

1. Firearms--the approximate diam

eter of the circle formed by the tops of the lands of a

rifled barrel.

2. Ammunition--a numerical term, without the decimal point, included in a cartridge name

to indicate the approximate bullet diameter.

CAPE RIFLE/CAPE GUN

A double-barreled shoulder arm with barrels side by side, one being smooth bore and the other

being rifled.

CAP, PERCUSSION

A

small, generally cylindrical metallic cup cont

aining a primary explosive used to ignite the

powder charge in muzzle-loading (and some breech-loading) firearms.

CARBINE

A rifle of short length and light weight or

iginally designed for mounted troops.

CARTRIDGE CASE

The container for all other components that comprise a cartridge.

CARTRIDGE, DUMMY

An inert cartridge that cannot be fired.

CHOKE

An interior constriction at or near the muzzle

end of a shotgun barrel bore for the purpose of

controlling shot dispersion.

CLIP/ CHARGER CLIP/ STRIPPER CLIP -

A separate cartridge container/device to hold cartri

dges for the purpose of rapid reloading. In the

case of certain firearms the charger clip becom

es an integral part at the firearm mechanism

(Example: U.S. Rifle M-1 Garand). The term “clip” is also used erroneously to describe cartridge

magazines.

COCKING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in

which the firing mechanism is placed under spring

tension.

COMBINATION GUN

A firearm having more than one barrel installed on the receiver in which the barrels are

permanently attached to each other. In the case where there are two barrels, each barrel must be

chambered for a different caliber cartridge. In the case of a Combination Gun having more than

two barrels, the individual barrels of the firearm w

ill be chambered for at least two different caliber

cartridges. This firearm may be found with two, three or even four barrels in any combination of

rifle or shotgun gauges or calibers.

COMMERCIAL VERSION

A firearm design that is a semiautomatic version

of a traditional military and police full-automatic

firearm. Commercial version type code CV describ

es a firearm that, as it left the manufacturer,

was designed and intended to fire semiautomati

c only. The type code CV describes only those

firearms that would otherwise be unclassifiable

by TYPE according to the existing system when

the full-automatic capability is removed during manufacture.

3

8

COMPENSATOR

A device attached to or integral with the muzzle

end of the barrel to utilize propelling gasses for

counter recoil. Also called a muzzle brake.

CONVERSION UNIT

Any device that changes the caliber of the parent firearm, consisting of an assembly of parts; as a

minimum comprised of a barrel and a breech me

chanism of a kind or type normally associated

with the parent firearm and having a breech fa

ce capable of supporting the cartridge head.

CONVERTED-AUTOMATIC

A firearm that, as originally designed and manufac

tured, had the capacity of firing projectiles in

rapid succession during one pressure of the trigger and has subsequently been altered to fire

only one projectile with one such pressure.

COOK-OFF

The ignition of a cartridge by overheating.

COPY

A firearm manufactured in visual imitation of another firearm with or without the benefit of

permission or license. These copies are normally

manufactured to gain an advantage in sales,

marketing, or research and development costs at the expense of the company whose firearm is

being copied. Copies are not normally dimensionally interchangeable with the firearm being

copied. Also known as a counterfeit copy or knock-off.

CONVERTIBLE

The term convertible is applied to revolvers in which the cylinder may be interchanged with other

cylinders to permit the firearm to discharge ca

rtridges of different calibers with the same

approximate bullet diameter. When this concept is applied to firearms other than revolvers, for

correct terminology refer to ”Auxiliary Chamber

Adapters,” “Accessory Barrels” and “Conversion

Units.”

DAMASCUS

An obsolete barrel-making process. The barrel is

formed by twisting or braiding together steel and

iron wires or bars. The resulting cable is then

wound around a mandrel and forged into a barrel

tube. Sometimes called a “laminated barrel.”

DEFLAG

To burn with great heat and light, producing large

volumes of gas. Smokeless gun powder is said

to deflagrate.

DERRINGER

A generic term applied to a large variety of pocket-size pistols of any ignition system, single or

multiple barreled. Sometimes spelled Deringer.

DETONATION

Exothermic reaction of a high ex

plosive; an extremely violent reaction at supersonic speed.

DOUBLE ACTION

A handgun mechanism in which a single pull of the trigger cocks and releases the hammer or

striker.

DRILL ROUND

A

dummy cartridge supplied by the military for troo

ps to practice loading and unloading drills with

firearms. See also Cartridge, Dummy.

39

DRILLING

A three-barreled shoulder arm in which a combination of smooth-bored and rifled barrels are

used.

DRY FIRING

Firing of an unloaded firearm to practice firearm handling and shooting skills.

EJECTION

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in

which a cartridge or fired cartridge case is

expelled from the breech of a firearm.

EJECTOR

A portion of the firearm mechanism that ejects or

expels cartridges or fired cartridge cases when

the action is opened.

EXTRACTION

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in

which a cartridge or fired cartridge case is

withdrawn from the chamber of a firearm.

EXTRACTOR

A mechanism for withdrawing the cartridge or fired

cartridge case from the chamber of a firearm.

FEEDING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in

which a fresh cartridge is introduced into the

mechanism from an ammunition supply in such a way that the breech mechanism may insert the

cartridge into the chamber. Feeding may also be accomplished manually.

FIREARM

A weapon from which a dangerous projectile may be pr

opelled by an explosive, or by gas or air.

Firearm does not include a smooth bore rifle or handgun designed and manufactured exclusively

for propelling by a spring, or by gas or air, BB’s not exceeding .177 caliber.

FIRING

A stage in the cycle of operation wherein the fi

ring mechanism is released by the sear and the

primer of the cartridge is struck by the firing pin to fire a shot.

FIRING PIN

That part of a firing mechanism that strikes the pr

imer of a cartridge to initiate ignition of the

propellant charge.

FLECHETTE

A thin, sub-caliber, fin-stabilized small dart or

arrow encased in a discarding sabot and loaded

into small arms ammunition or a shotgun shell.

FLINT-LOCK

1. Lock Mechanism--firing mechanism of a muzzle-loaded firearm wherein the frizzen is

integral with a hinged pan cover. The strike of

the flint on the frizze

n produces sparks and

simultaneously pivots the pan cover to expose

the fine-grain black powder priming charge

contained in the pan.

2. Firearm--muzzle-loading firearm utilizing

a flint-lock ignition mechanism. There have

been breech-loading, flint-lock firearms (Example: Ferguson rifle).

FRIZZEN

In flint-lock mechanism, the steel part placed

over the pan against which the flint strikes,

producing the sparks necessary to ignite the black powder priming charge.

4

0

FULL-AUTOMATIC

A firearm with the capacity to fire projectiles in

rapid succession during one press of the trigger.

GAS OPERATION

Method of operation of semiautomatic and automatic

firearms in which the force derived from the

propellant gases generated upon firing a cartridge is utilized to complete the cycle of operations.

Gas operated firearms usually depend on springs

to store energy for the purpose of feeding,

loading, cocking and locking the mechanism.

GRIP SAFETY

A mechanical safety in the grip of some firear

ms that prevents firing unt

il it is depressed by the

firing hand; this engages automatically when releas

ed to prevent the firearm from discharging.

HANDGUN

Any firearm designed, altered or intended to be aimed and fired by the action of one hand.

HANG-FIRE

An ammunition malfunction in which the cartridge ignition takes place after an appreciable delay

(fraction of a second to several seconds) after the primer has been struck.

HEADSPACE

The distance from the closed breech face of the

firearm mechanism to the surface in the chamber

upon which the cartridge case bores.

HEADSPACE GAUGE

A mechanical device for measuring the distance fr

om the breech face of a firearm mechanism to

that portion of the chamber against which a cartridge will bear. Headspace gauges are available

in three types: minimum, maximum, and field gauges.

HEADSPACE GAUGE – PURPOSE AND USE

The purpose of measuring headspace is to insure

that the firearm mechanism will lock correctly

when a maximum tolerance cartridge is loaded into a minimum tolerance firearm chamber

(Minimum Headspace) and that the firearm is safe to fire a minimum tolerance cartridge in a

maximum tolerance firearm chamber (Maximum

Headspace) without the possibility of damage to

the firearm or injury to the shooter or close spectators. Headspace gauges are used to decide

whether to permit a firearm with headspace in exce

ss of the maximum tolerance to continue to be

used in military service for emergency requirem

ents, and those with headspace in excess of the

field requirement considered too dangerous for

emergency use. Field headspace gauges have no

legitimate civilian or commercial application.

HEADSTAMP

Numbers, letters and symbols stamped on the head

of a cartridge case during manufacture to

identify the manufacturer, caliber or gauge, date of manufacture or other information.

IMPORTER

The name of an individual or company that brings

goods from off shore to the United States of

America or Canada for resale or distribution.

LEADS

That area forward of the chamber of a firearm that

is groove diameter or slightly larger, extending

forward to the origin or commencement of rifling. Also known as the Leed, Lead, Throat,

Chamber Throat or Forcing Cone.

LEVER ACTION

A magazine-repeating firearm design wherein the

breech mechanism is cycled by an external

lever, generally below the receiver or frame.

4

1

LOADING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in

which the cartridge is fully inserted into the

chamber in preparation fo

r the locking cycle.

LOCKING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in which the bolt, breech block or standing breech is

solidly secure

d in a fixed relationship with the

chamber, so as to resist being blown open by the

pressures generated by firing.

MANUFACTURER

The manufacturer is the individual or company that manufactures or subcontracts the

manufacture of any or all component parts of a

firearm. It may be possible to identify the fully

assembled firearm to the manufacturer if the

firearm has been marked with the manufacturer’s

company name or trademark.

MANUFACTURE DATES

Where the date of manufacture is found mark

ed on a firearm of government contract or

government arsenal production, the date of manuf

acture shall be included with the model, when

necessary, to uniquely identify that particula

r firearm from all others of its type.

MAKE

The make is normally the company name, abbreviation of the company name, brand or trade name

associated with the particular firearm.

MAGAZINE

1. A container for cartridges that has a spring and a follower to feed those cartridges into

the

chamber of a firearm. The magazine may be detachable or an integral part of the firearm.

2. A storage place for gun powder, ammunition or explosives.

MACHI

NE GUN

A firearm, as originally designed and manufactured, with the capacity of firing projectiles in rapid

succession

during one press of the trigger, whether or not it has been altered to fire only one projectile

with one such press.

MAGAZINE-REPEATING

FIREARM

A firearm fed by an inter

nal or external magazine.

MAGAZINE SAFETY

A mechanical safety mechanism found on some semiautomatic pistols that prevents firing when

the magazine is removed from the firearm.

MIS-FIRE

An ammunition malfunction in which firearm fails to discharge after the firing pin has struck an

adequate

blow to the primer and the initiated primer fails to ignite the propellant powder.

MULTI-BARREL

A

multiple-barrel firearm designed with the barrels permanently attached to each other and

capable of discharging multiple shots,

contingent on the number of barrels.

MUZZLE

The end of the barrel from which the projectile emerges.

42

MUZZLE, CROWN

Any of the various forms of muzzle treatment designed/meant primarily to protect the rifling.

It may take the form of a counter-bore, radius or chamfering of the muzzle.

MUZZLE BLAST

The resultant over-pressure blast /noise that occu

rs at the muzzle of a firearm when the projectile

exits the barrel and the rapidly expanding

propellant gasses are released.

MUZZLE-LOADER

Any firearm that is loaded with gun powder and pr

ojectile(s) through the muzzle end of the bore.

OPERATION CYCLE, FIREARM

A series of mechanical or manually operated event

s that take place in all firearms during the

discharge of ammunition. These terms are used to describe with technical accuracy the manner in

which the mechanism functions. This series

of events is described as follows:

1. Cocking

2. Feeding

3. Loading

4. Locking

5. Firing

6. Unlocking

7. Extraction

8. Ejection

(NOTE: These events do not necessarily

occur in the order described above.)

ORIGINAL

The word “original” refers to a model of firearm as produced by the manufacturer who first introduced

that model for commercial or contract sale

and also implies that a different business entity

has copied

or reproduced this model at some point in time.

PARADOX GUN

A firearm having a barrel design in which the majo

r

length of the barrel is smooth and the la

st 10 to 12

centimeters are rifled.

PERCUSSION

A means of ignition of a propellant charge by a mechanical blow against a primer or percussion cap.

PISTOL

A

loaded or unloaded firearm that is 30 inches or less in length, or a loaded or unloaded firearm

that by its construction and appearance conceals it as a firearm.

PROPELLANT

As it refers to firearms or firearms ammunition, a chemical, low-explosive mixture or composition

that

when ignited burns rapidly (deflagrates), generating large volumes of gas (to propel a projectile).

PUMP ACTI

ON

A magazine-repeating firearm design that is manually actuated in motion usually parallel to the barrel.

Pump Action firearms are also sometimes referred to as slide action or trombone action.

RECOIL OPERATION

Method of operation of semiautomatic and automatic firearms in which recoil energy imparted to

the barrel is used to actuate the mechanis

m to complete the cycle of operations.

4

3

REPEATING FIREARM

A firearm with a mechanism for feeding ammunition into the chamber known as magazine

or belt that accomplishes the entire cycle of

operation, either manually or externally

powered, or by utilizing some of

the power genera

ted by the propellant

gas or recoil force.

Some of these mechanisms, externally pow

ered systems or hand operated systems of

operation, include:

1. Pump action mechanisms

2. Lever action mechanisms

3. Bolt action mechanisms

4. Auto-loading or semiautomatic mechanisms; recoil-operated (both long and short

recoil) and gas-operated mechanisms

5. Automatic mechanisms; recoil operated (both long and short recoil) and gas operated

6. Manually powered, hand-operated, ro

tary-barrel mechanisms (Gatling gun)

7. Externally powered mechanisms (V

ulcan Gatling or Hughes Chain gun)

REPRODUCTION

The modern manufacture of any firearm that ha

s ceased to have patent protection and is usually

no longer manufactured by the original maker. No

rmally the reproduction is equal to or better in

quality of material and workmanship than the original and in some cases may be an exact

duplicate with interchangeable parts and components.

REVOLVER

A firearm, usually a handgun, with a cylinder having several chambers so arranged as to rotate around

an ax

is and be discharged successively by the same

firing mechanism

RIFLING

A system of helical grooves cut into the bore of a firearm barrel. The purpose of rifling is to impart

spin to a projectile passing thro

ugh the barrel, thus giving the pr

ojectile gyroscopic stability during

its flight to the target.

RECEIVER

The receiver, which is also known as the frame,

is the basic component of a firearm to which all

other components are assembled or attached. In mo

st firearm designs the barrel is assembled to

the receiver and the receiver houses the breech mechanism, trigger and firing mechanisms.

RIFLE

A firearm designed or redesigned, made or

remade, and intended to be fired from the shoulder and

designed or redesigned and made or remade to use the energy of the explosive in

a fixed metallic

cartridge to fire only a single projectile through a rifled bore for each single pull of the trigger.

SAFETY CATCH

Any type of applied safety catch. A mechanical

device that enables the sh

ooter to lock the firing

mechanism of a firearm voluntarily. Also called a manual safety or manually operated safety

catch. (NOTE: On most firearms with a fully-automatic fire capability, the fire selector usually

incorporates the safety catch.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

A series of actions, verifications and precautions that must be undertaken before, during and after handling

a firearm o

r during firing of firearms to prevent accidents and personal injury.

SAFETY, MECHANICAL

An automatic device that prevents firing a firearm as long as certain conditions are not met. A

feature incorporated into the firearm's design

to ensure that the weapon cannot fire, howeve

r

mishandled, before the breech is properly locked; and that the breech will not unlock until such

time as the projectile has left the barrel and

pressures generated to expel the projectile have

ropped to a safe operating level.

d

4

4

SEAR

Part of the firing mechanism, linked to the trigger, that retains the hammer or striker in the cocked

position until the trigger is pulled.

SELECTOR

1. In double-barreled firearms, a device to a

llow the shooter to choose which barrel is

to be fired by the first pull of the trigger.

2. A lever that enables the shooter to choos

e the type of fire (full-automatic/semi-

automatic) or apply the safety catch; in t

he case of some automatic weapons, the

selector enables the shooter to choose high or low cyclic rate of fire.

SEMIAUTOMATIC

A repeating firearm requiring a separate press of

the trigger for each shot

fired, using the energy

of discharge to perform a portion of the operating cycle. Semiautomatic actions are sometimes

referred to as auto-loading or self-loading actions.

SERIAL NUMBER

A combination of numbers and letters applied to a

firearm in order to uniquely identify it from all

others of its type. There is a requi

rement for the serial number to contain a minimum of one digit in

the combination of letters and numbers that comprise the serial number.

SHOT COLLAR

Plastic or paper insert surrounding the shot charge in

a shot shell to reduce distortion of the shot

when passing through the barrel.

SHOTGUN

A firearm designed or redesigned, made or remade and intended to fire from the shoulder and

designed or redesigned and made or remade to use

the energy of the explosive in a fixed shotgun

shell to fire through a smooth bore either a number of

ball shot or a single projectile for each single

function of the trigger.

SHOT

Pellets of various sizes used in shot shells and shot cartridges.

SIGHT, BUCKHORN

A rear sight for rifles that has the “V” notch at

the bottom of an almost completely closed V.

SIGHT, PAINE

A rear sight on pistols or revolvers having a flat top with a V-shaped notch used with a bead

pped front sight. Named after Ira Paine, a 19

th

-century exhibition and competition shooter.

to

SIGHT, PATRIDGE

A rear sight on pistols or revolvers having a flat top with a square notch used with a broad

flat-topped front sight. Named after E.E. Patridge.

SIGHT, PYRAMID

A type of front sight of triangular appe

arance. Also called a Barley-Corn sight.

SIGHT RADIUS

The distance between the rear sight and the front sight on a firearm.

SIGHT RAMP

A front sight mounted on a ramp base.

SIGHT TANG

Any sight mounted on the upper tang of a firearm.

4

5

SIGHT TANGENT

A rear sight in which the blade is adjusted for el

evation correc

tion

by sliding along a curved cam o

r

cams. The term is also us

ed for vertically standing back sights with sliding rear apertures.

SIGHTS

1. ADJUSTABLE - Usually taken to mean a rear sight that is adjustable for windage

or elevation or both. O

ccasionally adjus

table front sights may be found on pistols or

revolvers.

2. APERTURE - A form of metallic sight, fr

ont or rear, containing an aperture or disc

with a hole. Also called a Peep Sight.

3. BEAD - A form of front sight, usua

lly found on shotguns,

having the appearance

of a round bead.

4. EXPRESS- A series of rear sights, mounted on one base, with folding sight

leaves to be used for varying ranges or elevations.

5. FIXED - Metallic sights that are not adjustable.

6. GLOBE - A form of front sight usually used

on target rifles, generally cylindrical in shape

and often arranged to accept various insert

s containing either rings or posts.

7. HOODED - A front sight that is provided with a cover to shade it from direct light.

8. TELESCOPIC - A sight containing optical elements that magnify the target.

9. VERNIER - A long-range sight with a

mechanism for adjusting windage, elevation

or both, as read on a scale in conjunct

ion with graduations on a longer, linear

calibrated scale.

SILENCER

A device capable of attachment to the barrel of

a firearm designed or intended to reduce the

noise of discharge of ammunition

SINGLE-SHOT

A single-barrel firearm design that must be manually loaded, having no internal or external

magazine feed device. Certain single-shot firearms

are operated by levers and certain single-shot

firearms are operated by a bolt. Regardless of

the method of operating the breech mechanism,

these firearms are single-shot firearm actions.

SINGLE ACTION

An action that requires the manual cocking of the

hammer before pressure on the trigger releases

the firing mechanism.

SMALL ARMS

Hand-operated, hand- or shoulder-controlled firearms, including machine

guns, up to and including

.50 caliber. It is generally ac

cepted that firearms in excess of .50 caliber up to and including 30mm

caliber are called cannon, while firearms in excess of 30mm are artillery.

SPRING

A mechanical device used to store energy.

STOCK

A component, usually wood, to which a barreled ac

tion is attached, enabling the shooter to hold

the firearm and control it from the shoulder.

SUBMACHINE GUN

A firearm design that, as originally designed an

d manufactured, has the capacity of firing

projectiles in rapid succession during one press of

the trigger, whether or not it has been altered

to fire only one projectile with one such press. In general terms a submachine gun is a compact,

hort-barreled, air-cooled, magazine-fed firearm,

usually chambered for a pistol cartridge.

s

SYMPATHETIC DISCHARGE

The simultaneous firing of two or more cartridges

chambered in the cylinder of a revolver, only one

of which is in exact alignment with the barrel;

normally associated with percussion revolvers.

4

6

TAKE-DOWN FIREARMS

A rifle or shotgun in which the barrel and sometimes the magazine and fore-end are designed to

be removed from the receiver readily, without the use of tools, for the purpose of making a more

compact item for ease of transportation. When

additional barrels are available for a take-down

firearm, these barrels are considered accessory

barrels. See definition of accessory barrels.

TOP-BREAK

A term used to describe a single-shot, multi-barrel

or revolver mechanism on which the barrel o

r

barrels are allowed to tip down at the muzzle

exposing the chamber or chambers for loading,

unloading or extraction of cartridges.

TOP-LEVER

The lever located on the top of the breech end of

hinged-frame firearms that when pushed to one

side will unlock the barrel

(s) from the receiver or

frame and allow them to move (left, right, forward,

rearward, tip-down or tip-up).

TRIGGER

That part of a firearm mechanism that is moved

manually to cause the firearm to discharge.

TRIGGER , RELEASE

An unconventional mechanism in which the firearm is

fired by the release, rather than by the pull

of the trigger.

TRIGGER, SET

Either a single or double trigger arrangement

on which the required trigger pull force can be made

very light by means of a "setting" mechanism.

UNLOCKING

A stage in the cycle of operation of a firearm in which the bolt, breech block or standing breech is

removed from fixed relationship with the chamber, so

as to permit the extraction and ejection cycle

to take place after pressures have dropped to a safe operating level.

VIERLING

A four-barreled shoulder arm that usually

has two smooth-bored and two rifled barrels.

WATER TABLE

The flat portion of the receiver or frame on fir

earms that break open, ex

tending forward from, and

is approximately at right angles to, the standing-b

reech face. This is the surface on which the

barrel flats rest when the action is closed.

47